Ions are attracted to other atoms and molecules. If your atom is too ionized, it will likely zip away from you and attach itself to a nearby atom or molecule. An atom becomes radioactive when its nucleus contains too many or too few neutrons. Try to keep the same number of neutrons and protons as you build your atom. Learning Objective Summarize the characteristic features of ionic bonds.
Key Points Ionic bonds are formed through the exchange of valence electrons between atoms, typically a metal and a nonmetal. The loss or gain of valence electrons allows ions to obey the octet rule and become more stable. Ionic compounds are typically neutral. Therefore, ions combine in ways that neutralize their charges. Show Sources Boundless vets and curates high-quality, openly licensed content from around the Internet.
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Skip to main content. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions. Search for:. Learning Objective Compare the different classes of ions. Key Points Ions are formed when the number of protons in an atom does not equal the number of electrons. If more protons are present, the ion is positive and is known as a cation; if more electrons are present, the ion is negative and referred to as an anion.
Show Sources Boundless vets and curates high-quality, openly licensed content from around the Internet. Licenses and Attributions. Ions form when atoms lose or gain electrons to obtain a full outer shell: metal atoms lose electrons to form positively charged ions non-metal atoms gain electrons to form negatively charged ions Forming positive ions Metal atoms lose electrons from their outer shell when they form ions: the ions are positive, because they have more protons than electrons the ions formed have full outer shells the ions have the electronic structure of a noble gas group 0 element , with a full outer shell For elements in groups 1, 2 and 3, the number of electrons lost is the same as the group number.
A sodium atom loses one electron to form a sodium ion Forming negative ions The outer shells of non-metal atoms gain electrons when they form ions: the ions formed are negative, because they have more electrons than protons the ions have the electronic structure of a noble gas group 0 element , with a full outer shell For elements in groups 6 and 7, the charge on the ion is equal to 8 minus group number.
An oxygen atom gains two electrons to form an oxide ion curriculum-key-fact. Ions are formed by the transfer of electrons.
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