Two types of influenza virus, type A and type B, regularly cause seasonal epidemics of influenza in the United States. There are There are two types of vaccine available. One or two doses are needed, depending on age and other factors. Most children need only one dose. Children who are 6 months to 8 years old who have received fewer than two doses or whose influenza vaccination history is unknown should receive two doses at least 4 weeks apart.
The vaccine contains live but weakened measles, mumps The first dose is given at age 12 to 15 months and the second dose at age 4 to 6 years. It causes an itchy rash that looks like small blisters with Typically, hepatitis A is less serious than hepatitis B. Hepatitis A often causes no symptoms, although it can cause fever, nausea The first dose is given between ages 12 to 23 months, and the second dose 6 to 18 months later.
If children over age 24 months have not been vaccinated, they can still be given the hepatitis A vaccine if desired. The human papillomavirus vaccine is given to girls and boys in 2 or 3 doses. The number of doses depends on how old the child is when the first dose is given. Those given the first dose at age 9 to 14 years are given 2 doses, separated by at least 5 months.
Those given the first dose at age 15 years or older are given 3 doses. The second dose is given at least 1 month after the first, and the third dose is given at least 5 months after the first dose. The following are some English-language resources that may be useful. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC : Information about vaccines and immunization schedules for infants, children, and adolescents.
CDC vaccine schedule for infants and children. CDC vaccine schedule for older children and adolescents. CDC vaccines by age : Information about vaccines broken down by age, from birth through age 18 years.
Merck and Co. From developing new therapies that treat and prevent disease to helping people in need, we are committed to improving health and well-being around the world. The Manual was first published in as a service to the community. What it protects from: Haemophilus influenzae type b bacteria can cause many types of infections such as infections of the blood, lungs pneumonia , the tissue covering of the brain and spinal cord meningitis , throat, skin, and joints. Coughs, sneezes, and direct contact from an infected person can pass the bacteria.
Due to the risk of hospitalization and severe consequences, the CDC recommends the Hib vaccine for all children younger than two. What it protects from: Hepatitis B infection can cause liver damage, kidney disease, blood vessel problems, and liver failure.
Babies with hepatitis B may have slow, persistent liver damage through life. There is no cure for this virus, so doctors recommend that all newborns begin the HepB vaccine series before leaving the hospital as a preventative to liver disease and cancer from the virus.
Read more about the Hepatitis B Vaccine. What it protects from: Hepatitis A is a contagious liver infection found in poop and can spread rapidly through childcare centers and places where children frequent such as parks and pools.
This virus, which mainly affects older children, causes chiefly flu-like symptoms and pain in the liver, sometimes leading to a blockage and backup of bile into the blood. Getting the vaccine can limit outbreaks by preventing the passing of the virus to the community. Read more about the Hepatitis A Vaccine. If it's given: At between at years, the second dose is given months after the first. What it protects from: Human papillomavirus is usually a sexually-transmitted disease that is easily passed between partners since most people do not even realize they have it.
The vaccine is recommended for preteens and teens before they become sexually active. Research shows that the HPV vaccine can significantly reduce the incidence of HPV-related, potentially fatal cancers in both men and women.
Read more about the HPV Vaccine. What it protects from: Influenza is a very contagious and potentially deadly virus that infects the respiratory tract causing cough, sore throat, fever, stuffy nose, body aches, headaches, extreme fatigue, and sometimes vomiting and diarrhea. The CDC recommends that all people over the age of six months receive the flu vaccine every flu season around the end of October.
The vaccine may not be completely effective every year, but it still can reduce the severity and duration of the disease. Read more about the Flu Vaccine. What it protects from: Measles, mumps, and rubella are three contagious viruses with rubella being the mildest of the three, yielding fever, tender lymph nodes, and a rash. The mumps causes the glands between the ear and jaw to enlarge and become very painful. The measles can spread quickly through a community and creates a full-body rash, respiratory infection, fever, and sometimes severe consequences that may lead to death.
Outbreaks are now rare due to the effectiveness of the vaccine; however, falling vaccine rates are allowing diseases to pop back up in communities. Although this vaccine has gotten some bad press, the research shows that MMR is not linked to autism.
What it protects from: Meningococcal vaccines protect against several types of meningococcal bacteria, which may cause serious bacterial infections that can lead to infection in the bloodstream and meningitis. These diseases can be life-threatening if not treated quickly. MCV protects against four strains of the bacteria and MenB, a vaccine given to highly at-risk children, protects against the fifth.
These vaccines are highly effective with low side effects. Read more about the Meningcoccal Vaccine. American Academy of Pediatrics. Recommendations for prevention and control of influenza in children, Live attenuated influenza vaccine [LAIV] the nasal spray flu vaccine. Updated January 25, Chickenpox vaccine information statement. Hepatitis A vaccine information statement. Updated July 28, Chapter 5: HPV. Updated April 28, About HPV. Updated October 29, Human papillomavirus vaccine information statement.
Updated October 30, HPV vaccine schedule and dosing. August 15, University-based outbreaks of meningococcal disease caused by serogroup B, United States, Emerging Infect Dis. Administering meningococcal vaccines.
Updated July 26, Sanofi Pasteur. Package insert - MenQuadfi. Updated April Making the Vaccine Decision. Your Privacy Rights. To change or withdraw your consent choices for VerywellHealth. At any time, you can update your settings through the "EU Privacy" link at the bottom of any page. These choices will be signaled globally to our partners and will not affect browsing data. We and our partners process data to: Actively scan device characteristics for identification.
I Accept Show Purposes. Who Makes the Childhood Vaccination Schedule? Hepatitis B Vaccine Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver. Types and Administration The hepatitis B vaccine is injected into muscle in three doses.
Recombivax: The first dose is given at birth followed by doses at ages 1 and 6 months. Pediarix: The first dose is given at 2 months followed by doses at 4 and 6 months. Vaxelis: The first dose is given at 2 months followed by doses at 4 and 6 months.
Rotavirus Vaccine Rotavirus infection is caused by a virus that spreads from person to person through contaminated food or direct physical contact. Types and Administration The vaccine is a liquid placed into a baby's mouth using a dropper. Rotarix: Two doses are given at ages 2 and 4 months. DTaP and Tdap Vaccines The diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis DTaP vaccine is a combination vaccine that protects against three different infections.
Among them: Diphtheria is a highly contagious bacterial infection that spreads from person to person through air droplets or by touching objects like toys or towels. Diphtheria causes a sore throat, fever, difficulty breathing, and swollen lymph nodes. Tetanus is a potentially life-threatening infection that causes painful muscle contractions.
Also known as lockjaw , the infection is caused by bacteria that can enter the body through a deep cut or wound that becomes contaminated. Pertussis , also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious bacterial infection that can spread from person to person through air droplets. The illness causes uncontrollable coughing fits that make it difficult to take a breath. The cough causes a literal whooping sound. What Is the Tdap Vaccine? Hib Conjugate Vaccine Haemophilus influenza type b Hib is a bacterial infection transmitted from person to person through air droplets.
A second dose is given two months later and a third dose two months after that. A final booster dose is given between 12 and 15 months of age. Hiberix: The vaccine can be started as early as 6 weeks of age.
PedvaxHIB : The vaccine is typically started at 2 months of age. A second dose is given two months later. Pneumococcal Vaccines Pneumococcal disease , caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae , spreads by direct contact with saliva.
Types and Administration The CDC recommends two types of pneumococcal vaccinations, depending on a child's health: Prevnar 13 PCV13 : This vaccine is injected into muscle and protects against 13 types of pneumococcal bacteria.
It is recommended for all children. It protects against 23 types of pneumococcal bacteria. Two doses may be needed for children with immunodeficiency , kidney failure , leukemia , or other serious health conditions.
Trade Name Doses Age Route Type Pneumovax 2 2 years and over IM Inactivated Prevnar 13 4 6 weeks and over SC Inactivated Timing Depending on a child's risk factors, one of these vaccinations will be given as follows: Prevnar: Recommended for all children, the vaccine is delivered in four doses at 2 months, 4 months, and 6 months of age, with the final injection given between 12 and 15 months.
Pneumovax: For children at risk of severe illness, the vaccine is delivered in two doses. The first is given at least eight weeks after the Prevnar series is complete, with the second given five years later. Who Else Needs the Pneumococcal Vaccine? Poliovirus Vaccine Poliovirus is a highly contagious virus rarely seen today due to widespread vaccination efforts. Types and Administration There is one polio vaccine approved for use in the United States.
Flu Vaccine The flu vaccine protects against the influenza virus. Types and Administration There are six influenza vaccines that are approved for use in school-aged children.
They are: Measles is a highly contagious viral infection spread by direct contact and airborne aerosolized particles. In addition to causing rash, upper respiratory symptoms, and spots inside the mouth, measles can lead to potentially life-threatening pneumonia and encephalitis in some people. Mumps is another viral infection spread by direct contact, saliva, and air droplets.
Mumps causes fever, headache, fatigue, and characteristic swelling of the face and jaw. It can also lead to orchitis , an infection of the testicles that causes sterility. Rubella , also known as German measles, is caused by a virus that spreads through direct contact and air droplets. Rubella can cause rash, flu-like symptoms, and cervical lymphadenopathy swollen lymph nodes of the throat and neck.
Congenital rubella syndrome, which is passed from a mother to a child, can cause birth defects and miscarriage. Varicella Vaccine The varicella vaccine prevents chickenpox. Types and Administration There is one varicella vaccine approved for use in the United States.
Trade Name Doses Age Route Type Varivax 2 12 months and older SC Live attenuated Timing The first dose of the varicella vaccine is given between 12 and 15 months of age, and a second is delivered between 4 and 6 years.
Hepatitis A Vaccine Hepatitis A is a viral liver infection that causes fever, extreme fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, darkened urine, and jaundice yellowing of the skin and eyes. Though interchangeable, the vaccines differ slightly in their composition: Havrix: This vaccine, approved for use in , contains a preservative and a higher concentration of inactivated virus per dose.
Vaqta: This vaccine, approved in , does not contain a preservative and has a lower concentration of inactivated virus per dose. Are Preservative-Free Vaccines Safer? Meningococcal Vaccine The meningococcal vaccine protects against strains of Neisseria meningitides, bacteria that can cause severe meningitis.
Types and Administration There are five meningococcal vaccines given by IM injection in the arm or thigh. Other children at increased risk can also be vaccinated. Those with immunodeficiency or who are under age 2 would receive two doses separated by two months.
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